Jurnal Prajaiswara

Effect of Cadmium (Cd) on the Quality of Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern) Seedlings Grown with Mycorrhizal Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) as a Hyperaccumulator

2026-01-05T12:20:49+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: Coffee in Indonesia is an important commodity, but excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides increases the levels of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), in the soil, which is detrimental to plant quality and the environment. Phytoremediation with hyperaccumulator plants such as Jatropha can absorb cadmium and persist in contaminated soil. This study aims to study the interaction between mycorrhizal Jatropha plants (Jatropha curcas) and the growth of Liberica Tungkal Composite coffee seedlings (Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern) on cadmium-contaminated land. Research Methods: The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi for 3 months (June - October 2024) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors: factor C (C1 = 10 ppm, C2 = 20 ppm) and factor K (K0 = Coffee, K1 = Coffee + 1 Jatropha, K2 = 1 Coffee + 2 Jatropha, K3 = 2 Coffee + 1 Jatropha). Each combination was repeated 5 times, resulting in 40 treatments with a total of 120 plants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and 5% BNT. Finding/Results: The results showed an interaction between cadmium treatment and coffee composition and distance on the variables of total leaf area and percentage of mycorrhizal infection.

Exploring Inclusive Practices: Accessibility for Students with Disabilities in West Sumatra’s Public Universities

2026-01-05T12:20:47+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: Persons with disabilities often encounter significant barriers in accessing educational services that are not yet inclusive or disability-friendly. These limitations contribute to systemic discrimination and result in the delivery of inadequate public services. Research Methods: This study adopts a descriptive qualitative case study approach aimed at identifying both physical and non-physical accessibility services, as well as the key factors influencing their availability at a state Islamic university in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Finding/Results: The findings indicate that: (1) non-physical accessibility services—particularly in the areas of information access, policy and specialized support—are still underdeveloped; (2) physical accessibility features, such as disability-friendly toilets and ramps, are available but remain very limited; and (3) the availability of such services is shaped by several crucial factors, including institutional commitment and awareness, the presence of disability-related data, institutional policies and needs, and the influence of international accreditation standards. These factors collectively serve as the primary drivers in the realization of an inclusive and equitable university environment. Conclusion: The study concludes that accessibility services at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang remain insufficient and recommends enhanced institutional focus on inclusive infrastructure, policy reform, and data management to support students with disabilities effectively.

Analysis of the Effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product and Regional Expenditure on Local Own-Source Revenue in Jambi City

2026-01-05T12:20:53+07:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Regional Expenditure on Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in Jambi City during the 2015–2024 period. PAD is a crucial indicator in assessing the fiscal independence of a region within the context of regional autonomy. By employing a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis, this research examines both the simultaneous and partial relationships between the independent variables (GRDP and Regional Expenditure) and the dependent variable (PAD). The F-test results show that the regression model is statistically significant at the simultaneous level, with an F value of 15.067 and a significance level of 0.003 (p < 0.05). This indicates that GRDP and Regional Expenditure jointly have a significant effect on PAD. The model also has a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.811, implying that 81.1% of the variation in PAD can be explained by the two variables. However, the t-test results reveal that only GRDP has a significant partial effect on PAD (p = 0.014), while Regional Expenditure does not show a significant influence (p = 0.632). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of regional economic growth in enhancing PAD and underscore the need to evaluate the effectiveness of Regional Expenditure in contributing to local revenue. The policy implication is that local governments should strengthen productive economic sectors that drive GRDP and allocate regional spending to activities with a direct impact on revenue generation. This approach is essential to achieving sustainable regional fiscal independence.

Minimum Wage and Structural Poverty: A Mediation Analysis Based on Labor Market Theory in Jambi Province

2026-01-05T12:20:55+07:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on poverty in Jambi Province by examining the mediating role of the open unemployment rate. The minimum wage is a policy instrument used to enhance public welfare by increasing workers' income. However, in practice, increases in the UMP do not always lead to a direct reduction in poverty, particularly when labor market dynamics do not support wage policy impacts. From 2014 to 2023, the UMP in Jambi Province rose from IDR 1,502,230 to IDR 2,943,033. Nevertheless, poverty rates fluctuated, peaking in 2020 at 288,100 people and declining to 280,680 in 2023. These fluctuations suggest that the rise in the minimum wage has not produced a consistent effect on poverty reduction State the problem or phenomena studied in this paper and specify the research question(s) in one sentence. This study uses a quantitative approach and employs mediation analysis with the help of SPSS software. The results show that the UMP has a significant negative effect on open unemployment (β = –0.0005; p = 0.012), and open unemployment significantly increases poverty (β = 5.700; p = 0.031). The direct effect of UMP on poverty becomes insignificant when mediated by unemployment (β = 0.0025; p = 0.082). The indirect effect is statistically significant (–0.00285; 95% CI [–0.0051, –0.0009]). Open unemployment fully mediates the relationship between UMP and poverty. Therefore, the effectiveness of UMP policy in reducing poverty highly depends on the government's success in creating sufficient employment opportunities.

An Analysis of Learning Motivation of First-Year Psychology Students at the University of Jambi

2026-01-05T12:20:58+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: Learning motivation is one of the key factors that influence students' academic achievement. This study aims to examine the level of learning motivation of level 1 Psychology students at Jambi University based on gender. Research Methods: This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach, where motivation measurement is carried out using a Likert scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. This study uses reverse scoring that some item has a negative composition. The sample in this study amounted to 115 students selected through purposive sampling technique. Finding/Results: The results showed that the majority of students had a level of learning motivation in the very good and good categories. Then the level of motivation in female students is higher than male students. Intrinsic factors, namely talent, have a higher contribution than other factors, then extrinsic factors, namely the world of work, have a higher contribution than other factors. Conclusion: By considering these factors, it is hoped that educational institutions will be able to develop academic coaching that can support learning motivation factors, especially talent and world of work factors so that students are able to set clear and sustainable learning goals.

The Values of Moral Education in View Imam Al-Ghazali (Analysis Study of The Book Ihya'ulumuddin)

2026-01-05T12:20:51+07:00

Introduction: This study arises from the observable moral decline in society, visible both directly and through various media, which underscores the urgency of re-examining moral education. The research is limited to four main issues: (1) the importance of akhlak mahmudah and the dangers of akhlak mazmumah, (2) the nature of virtuous and vicious morals, (3) ways to cultivate good character, and (4) the starting point of moral education. The objectives are to understand the importance and risks of moral qualities, to clarify the essence of good and bad morals, to identify methods for nurturing virtuous character, and to outline the path towards moral education. Research Methods: This research uses a library research method, drawing primarily on volume II of Imam al-Ghazali’s Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, translated by Prof. T.K.H. Ismail Yakub, which elaborates the basic principles of religion with a focus on ethics, soul training, refinement of character, and treatment of spiritual diseases. Secondary data are taken from other works on moral education. The data are analyzed using both deductive and inductive approaches. Finding/Results: The findings show that Imam al-Ghazali grounds moral education in four principal virtues: wisdom, courage (shaja’ah), self-restraint or self-respect (iffah), and justice. Wisdom enables a person to distinguish truth from falsehood and right from wrong. Courage is the power of anger governed by reason. Self-restraint directs desire under the guidance of intellect and religion so that noble traits emerge. Justice regulates and harmonizes anger and desire under reason and religious guidance, thereby producing balanced and just character.

Improving Basic Literacy of Slow Learner Students Through the Discovery Learning Model Assisted by Reading Applications

2026-01-05T12:20:44+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to improve the basic literacy skills of Slow Learner students through the application of the Discovery Learning model assisted by reading applications. Background Problem: The problem examined in this study is the low basic literacy skills of Slow Learner students, especially in reading long words, recognizing double consonant letters, and understanding reading content. Conventional learning approaches have proven less effective for students with special needs, so more adaptive strategies are needed. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in combining Discovery Learning strategies with interactive digital media aimed specifically at students with special needs, which is rarely discussed in depth in the context of basic education. Research Methods: This study used the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which was carried out in three cycles with the subject of one Slow Learner student in grade V elementary school. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. Data analysis in this study was carried out using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Findings/Results: The results showed an increase in test scores from 40 (pre-cycle) to 60, 70, and 85 in cycles I to III. Students' learning activities also increased from moderate to good category. Conclusion: Thus, the Discovery Learning model assisted by reading applications is proven effective in improving the basic literacy skills of Slow Learner students and can be an appropriate and sustainable alternative in inclusive learning.

Analyzing The Impact of Human Development Index, Inflation, And Unemployment on Poverty Levels in Jambi Province

2026-01-05T12:20:40+07:00

Introduction/Main Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI), inflation, and unemployment rate on the number of poor people in Jambi Province. Poverty is a strategic issue that reflects development inequality and low community welfare. Background of the Problem: Although HDI in Jambi Province has shown consistent improvement from 2014 to 2023, poverty rates have not decreased significantly. Meanwhile, fluctuations in inflation and unemployment remain key factors influencing poverty dynamics in the region. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the integration of three macroeconomic variables into a single empirical model focused on Jambi Province over a consistent time period. This provides a more detailed and region-specific analysis that has not been extensively explored in previous studies. Findings/Results: The analysis reveals that HDI has a significant negative effect on poverty, indicating that improved human development reduces poverty levels. Conversely, inflation and unemployment both have significant positive effects on poverty, suggesting that increases in these variables tend to raise poverty rates.Conclusion: It is recommended that the Jambi provincial government continue improving human capital through better education and health services, while also managing inflation and expanding employment opportunities. Furthermore, supportive policies for the development of MSMEs are essential to absorb labor and boost household income.

Study of Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Learning Model for Indonesian Language Education

2026-01-05T12:20:42+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the ontological, epistemological, and axiological reflections of the “Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)” learning model in the context of English language learning. Background Problems: The implementation of the CIRC model has so far only focused on practical aspects, without discussing in depth the nature of science, the learning process, and its educational values. Novelty (optional): This study presents something new, namely an in-depth study of the CIRC model from a philosophical perspective in the Indonesian. Research Methods: Data were obtained from 25 selected national journal articles (2015–2025) identified using the keyword “CIRC model” through the Publish or Perish (PoP) application, with selection stages including identification, assessment, and synthesis of findings. Finding/Results: 1) Ontology reveals that knowledge in the CIRC model is created collaboratively through direct interaction between students in small heterogeneous groups (4-5 students). 2) Epistemology, namely the learning process is carried out in three sequential stages starting from preparation, practice to evaluation. 3) The axiology of the CIRC learning model, namely it can improve students' reading and writing literacy, develop critical thinking skills, and strengthen collaborative skills with an open attitude between students. Conclusion: The CIRC model is an innovative, holistic model, relevant to strengthening Indonesian language learning, and has the potential to accommodate diverse student abilities.

Improving Student Learning Outcomes Through the Problem Based Learning Model with The Help of The Natural Resource Board

2026-01-05T12:20:37+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study seeks to find out how much better the PASUDA (Resource Board) learning media can become by using the problem-based learning model to improve the learning results of Grade V students at SD 1 Jekulo Kudus. We conducted the study because the students appeared passive and had poor learning processes and outcomes. As a result, researchers used a learning model assisted by media to improve learning. This study is classroom action research. Students registered in grade V at SD 1 Jekulo, totalling 32 people, are the subjects of this study. Research Methods: This research method employs a classroom action research approach that consists of two cycles, which include the steps of observation, reflection, and implementation of actions. Researchers work together with direct observers during the action and evaluate students' abilities. Finding/Results: Data analysis shows an increase in students' learning outcomes through student learning completeness in cycle I (62.5%) and cycle II (82.25%). The average student learning outcomes increased, as indicated by 60.5% of students who were active in cycle I and 80.75% in cycle II. Conclusion: The study indicated that students in grade V of SD 1 Jekulo can improve their science learning outcomes by using the problem-based learning model assisted by PASUDA media (resource board).

Improving Student Learning Outcomes Through the Project Based Learning Model with Elementary School Student Diorama Media

2026-01-05T12:20:39+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SD 5 Karangbener on the material of ethnic diversity and local wisdom through the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model with diorama media. Research Methods: This research used a Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach carried out in two cycles, with steps of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Finding/Results: The results showed that before the application of PjBL, only 26.32% of students reached the Criteria for Achievement of Learning Objectives (KKTP). After the application of PjBL in the first cycle, the percentage of completeness increased to 57.89%, and in the second cycle it reached 89.5%. In addition to the quantitative improvement in learning outcomes, observations also recorded student participation and enthusiasm in the learning process. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the PjBL model supported by diorama media has a positive effect in improving students' understanding of the material and fostering a positive attitude towards cultural diversity. Conclusion: This research recommends the use of PjBL as an effective learning method at the elementary level.

The Use of Flash Card Media to Improve Recognition of Numbers 1-10 in Children with Mild Mental Retardation: A Case Study at SLB N X Kudus

2026-01-05T12:20:35+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the process and impact of using flash card media to improve number recognition skills (1–10) among students with mild intellectual disabilities in class 5C at SLB Negeri X Kudus. Research Methods: The research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach, focusing on a student identified as SR who had difficulties in recognizing numerical symbols and arranging them sequentially. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation over four learning sessions using flash card media. Finding/Results: The results revealed a significant improvement in three main indicators: number pronunciation, matching numbers with pictures, and sequencing numbers correctly. Additionally, improvements were noted in the student's motor coordination and emotional responses. These findings are supported by the dual coding and active recall theories, which are relevant for special needs learners with visual and kinesthetic learning styles. The study concludes that flash cards are an effective and enjoyable strategy for teaching numeracy to students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: This research offers practical implications for special education teachers in designing visually engaging and adaptive learning strategies tailored to student needs. The results of this study provide practical contributions for special education teachers in selecting enjoyable visual media-based numeracy strategies.

Improving Students' Reading Abilities Through Comics Media for Elementary School Students

2026-01-05T12:20:33+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to determine how much comic learning media improves students' reading ability in grade II at SD 2 Demaan Kudus. We conducted the study because the students appeared passive and demonstrated low learning processes and reading abilities. As a result, researchers used comics as a learning tool to improve learning. Research Methods: This study employs a classroom action research methodology. Students registered in grade II at SD 2 Demaan, totalling 25 people, are the subjects of this study. This research method uses classroom action research, consisting of two cycles with observation, reflection, and implementation of actions. Researchers work together with direct observers during the action and evaluate students' abilities. Finding/Results: Data analysis shows an increase in students' reading ability, especially in the pre-cycle (29%), cycle I (54%), and cycle II (72%). The results of reading ability activities also increased, as shown by 52% of students who were active in cycle I and 72% in cycle II. The results of the study indicate that students in grade II of SD 2 Demaan can improve their reading ability by using comic learning media.

Contextual Learning with Toy Money Media to Improve the Understanding of The Money Concept of Students with Mild Mental Disabilities

2026-01-05T12:20:32+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of contextual learning assisted by play money media in improving the understanding of the concept of money in students with mild mental retardation. The background of the problem stems from the low ability of children with mental retardation in recognizing and using money, which hinders their independence in everyday life. The main question of this study is: How can the application of contextual learning with play money media improve the understanding of the concept of money in students with mental retardation? The novelty of this study lies in the integration of contextual learning and the use of concrete media in the form of play money in a simulation of buying and selling activities, which has not been studied in depth before. Research Methods: The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study design on one student with mild mental retardation in class 3C at SLB Negeri Kaliwungu, through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. Finding/Results: The results of the study showed that this approach was effective in improving students' understanding of the form, value, and function of money, as well as training social skills and independence in the context of simple transactions. Conclusion: This study concludes that contextual learning with play money media provides a real, fun, and relevant learning experience to the lives of students with mental retardation, and has the potential to be used as a life skills learning model in SLB.

Validity Of PALACA Media On Enumeration Material For Grade 4 Elementary School

2026-01-05T12:20:30+07:00

Introduction/Primary Objective: This study aims to describe the validation and practicality of PALACA (Numeric Board) media as a mathematics learning aid on the material of enumerated numbers for grade IV elementary school students. Research Methods : The media was developed using the Research and Development (R&D) method with a modified Borg and Gall model. Validation was conducted by media experts, material experts, and educational practitioners to assess the feasibility of using the media in learning. Findings/Results: The validation results show that PALACA media obtained an average score of 4.8 from media experts and practitioners, as well as 4.0 from material experts, which indicates that this media is very suitable for use. The results of the teacher's practicality test of the media reached 96.6% and the students' responses amounted to 95% which showed very good acceptance from direct users. PALACA media is considered to be able to increase students' motivation and understanding of the concept of counting numbers through a concrete and interactive approach. Conclusion : Thus, this media can be an effective alternative in learning mathematics in elementary schools. This research also contributes to the development of visual-based and participatory learning media. However, the trial was conducted on a limited scale so further research needs to be done with a larger sample to strengthen the generalization of the results.

Effectiveness of Pianica Musical Instruments as a Medium to Increase Nationalism Through the Song "Ibu Kita Kartini"

2026-01-05T12:20:28+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research is based on the limitations of studies on the use of piano musical instruments and the national anthem "Ibu Kita Kartini" as an effective learning medium to increase student nationalism. The main goal is to analyze how the piano instrument can be used as a means of learning to strengthen the character of nationalism through the song. Research Methods: The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study, involving 26 grade IV students at SD Negeri Jambean 03. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman techniques. Finding/Results: The results showed a significant increase in the level of nationalism from 46% to 88%, which was measured through questionnaires and observations. These findings support the theory that the national anthem can be used as a medium of character education at the elementary level. Conclusion: The main conclusion emphasizes the role of piano instruments as an effective medium in increasing student nationalism through the song "Ibu Kita Kartini". The implications of this study include the enrichment of literature on the effectiveness of music media in fostering the character of nationalism as well as practical recommendations for education to integrate music media, especially pianika, in the national song curriculum. This research also opens up opportunities for further studies related to the influence of traditional musical instruments or digital technology in increasing nationalism at various levels of education and cultural backgrounds.

Problem-Based Learning with Pancasila Smart Board Media: Enhancing Grade 2 Students' Pancasila Education Outcomes at SD 1 Prambanan Lor

2026-01-05T12:20:20+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of second-grade students at SD 1 Prambatan Lor in Pancasila Education through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Pancasila Smart Board media. The learning problems previously encountered include low student interest, monotonous teaching methods, and the lack of concrete media to help students understand Pancasila values in a meaningful way. Research Methods: This research used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Finding/Results: The results showed that applying the PBL model with the support of the Pancasila Smart Board media improved both student activity and learning outcomes. The interactive and visual features of the smart board facilitated a more concrete and enjoyable understanding of the concepts. Conclusion: The combination of the PBL model and Pancasila Smart Board media proved effective in improving the learning outcomes of Pancasila Education among second-grade students.

Innovation in Civics Learning to Strengthen National Values Through Digital Pianica Music in Elementary Students

2026-01-05T12:20:26+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to describe the process and impact of innovative learning of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) through digital music media using the song "Garuda Pancasila" with a digital pianica. The background of this study is the low enthusiasm and involvement of students in PPKn learning which is conventional and tends to be monotonous. Research Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The subjects of the study were 25 fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 2 Sukolilo. Finding/Results: The results of the study showed that the use of national songs in PPKn learning was able to improve students' understanding of national values cognitively, affectively, and psychomotorically. Learning became more lively, fun, and collaborative. In addition, playing music activities formed cooperation, empathy, and a sense of responsibility for students in groups. Although there were challenges in implementation, such as limited musical instruments and teacher skills, collaborative solutions between teachers, schools, and parents were able to support successful implementation. Conclusion: The integration of art and technology in PPKn learning has proven to be effective and relevant for instilling national character from an early age.

Learning Music Using Pianika Application Instruments to Improve the Musical Skills of Children with Disabilities

2026-01-05T12:20:24+07:00

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to describe the process of learning music arts using the pianica application instrument and its impact on the musical skills of mentally retarded children at SLB Negeri Purwosari. Research Methods: The approach used is qualitative with a case study type. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation of classroom learning activities, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and documentation including photos, videos, and learning notes. Finding/Results: The results of the study indicate that the use of the pianica application as a learning medium can significantly increase the interest, focus, and musical skills of mentally retarded children. Children look more enthusiastic when participating in learning, show active participation, and are able to follow instructions better. In addition, the interaction between teachers and students runs more effectively so that the learning process becomes more enjoyable and conducive. Teachers can easily deliver music material and adjust it to the needs of each student. Conclusion: This study provides an overview that application-based digital learning media can be an effective alternative in learning music arts for children with special needs, especially mentally retarded children. The use of the pianica application not only makes it easier for students to recognize notes and rhythms, but also helps increase their self-confidence. Thus, application-based digital media has been proven to provide a positive contribution to the achievement of learning outcomes for mentally retarded students in the field of musical arts.

A Local Wisdom-Based E-Module to Enhance Students’ Learning Interest and Achievement

2026-01-05T12:20:22+07:00

Introduction/Main Objective: This study investigates the role of local wisdom-based e-modules in improving students’ learning interest and academic achievement within contextual learning environments. Local culture is embedded in e-learning modules to make learning materials more relevant and meaningful to students’ daily lives. Research Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed, consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Using the Publish or Perish (PoP) tool, the researchers collected secondary data from Google Scholar between 2015 and 2025. From an initial pool of 200 articles, 20 relevant studies were selected for in-depth analysis. Findings/Results: The findings demonstrate that integrating local cultural elements such as folklore, local flora and fauna, traditional values, and regional wisdom into e-modules significantly enhances students’ learning motivation and outcomes across different educational levels. These modules also encourage independent learning and support character development. Conclusion/Recommendations: Local wisdom-based e-modules offer an effective and sustainable solution for promoting meaningful and culturally responsive education. They enhance the relevance of learning materials while also contributing to the preservation of local culture. It is recommended that educational institutions adopt these modules more widely to improve educational quality and cultural awareness.